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عربيFollowing a request from TDBM to explore the possibilities of collaboration on gender equality and women’s empowerment with AARDO, the Secretariat held e-meeting with Mr. Badruun D., Director of International Banking Department and his team on 21 December 2020 where the role that AARDO has been playing in empowering rural women in African-Asian countries was highlighted.
The meeting commenced with a welcome note followed by presentation on the mandate and activities of TDBM. Similarly, a presentation on AARDO and its activities with special reference to empowerment of rural women was made that, among others, highlighted the AARDO’s HRD activities and Development Projects impacting quality of rural women livelihood in its member countries.
To implement the mandate of TDBM, AARDO offered to organize customized activities for Mongolian women by sharing its wider experiences on women entrepreneurship, climate change, women-friendly technologies, leadership role, ownership rights and policy advocacy for women, etc. AARDO also invited the esteemed Bank and the Government of Mongolia to consider joining as associate and full members of AARDO respectively and to benefit from the policies and programmes, inter alia, on rural women.
An online international training programme on “Agricultural Mechanization: The Korean Experience” was organized by Regional Office of AARDO for the FAR East (FERO), Seoul, R O Korea, in collaboration with Korea Agricultural Machinery Industry Cooperative (KAMICO) and Korea FAO Association on 15 – 16 December 2020. Following the welcome of participants and opening remarks by Mr Yoo, Byung-Rin, Chairman, Korea FAO Association and Hon Regional Representative of AARDO for the Far East Region,
H E Dr Manoj Nardeosingh, Secretary General, AARDO officiated at the inauguration of the programme on 15th December 2020. The programme was attended by 57 participants from 13 AARDO member countries, namely, R O China (Taiwan), Egypt, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mauritius, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and Zambia.
The programme, composed of rich and interesting contents encompassing three technical sessions, was aimed at exposing the participants to the Korean experience in agricultural mechanizationwith modern/ innovative machineries and tools. In the first session, Dr. Chang-yong Kang, Head of Cloud Farm Research Institute delivered a highly informative and useful lecture on “Korea’s Agricultural Machinery Policies”. In his lecture/presentation, Dr Chang-Yong, touching upon the timeline starting from 1960s, vividly explained the agricultural mechanization process and policies aimed at fostering the industrialization in Korea. The
agricultural mechanization process was schematically described through various stages of development planning based on various policies and laws concerning land consolidation, leasing of agricultural lands, paddy plantation, promotion of field crop mechanization, smart farming, etc up to the present status of modernization and strategies to move forward to achieve greater heights. In the following lecture on “Modernization of Korea’s Agriculture”, Dr Youngsun Kang, Research Professor, Institute of Agricultural Science of Chungnam National University, succinctly described the development process of agricultural machineries in Korea, machinery-trade and status in the world market. He described the specificity of Korean agriculture, with small size farms and the need to develop appropriate machineries and implements. The presentations by the resource persons provided an interesting and useful insight of the Korean experiences in agricultural mechanization and invoked lively interaction.
Continuing the session next day, a short video film was shown by KAMICO on the history of Korea’s agricultural mechanization and trends underway. Established in 1962 by Korean agricultural machinery and equipment manufacturers as a cooperative, KAMICO has been contributing to the development of Korean agricultural machinery industry across the global by way of supporting the export of diverse agricultural products including implementation of few projects under the Official Development Assistanceof Korea in the developing African countries.
The programme successfully concluded on 16 December 2020, with the promising note that KAMICO holds enormous potential to widen its outreach in the AARDO Member Countries to explore the avenues of cooperation and collaboration for promotion of agricultural mechanization, disruptive technologies and joint implementation of ODA agricultural projects.
AARDO, in collaboration with National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayatiraj (NIRDPR), organized a two weeks’ online international training programme on above titled theme during 14-24 December 2020.
The programme was inaugurated by H. E Dr Manoj Nardeosingh, Secretary General, AARDO, following the opening remarks delivered by Ms Radhika Rastogi, Deputy Director General, NIRDPR, on 14 December 2020. The programme was attended by 26 participants from 11 AARDO member countries and prospective members, namely, Algeria, Bangladesh, R.O.China (Taiwan), Egypt, Mauritius, Mongolia, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Syria.
During the inaugural session, the Secretary General thanked the Deputy Director General, NIRDPR and her able faculty members for meticulous planning and designing the course module and making impeccable arrangements to conduct the programme online. Expressing his gratitude to the esteemed member countries for their overwhelming response, the Secretary General thanked all the participants for their keen interest and hoped that, following the successful completion of the course, they would apply the learning from the programme in their respective assignments back at home. Highlighting the contribution of women in agriculture and rural development in the African –Asian region, the Secretary General underlined the dire and urgent need to ensure their empowerment and improve their present conditions. He hoped that participation’s interventions would help catalyze the efforts of their respective countries in achieving the UNSDG#5 for gender equality and women’s economic empowerment in rural areas.
During the various technical sessions of the programme, learned speakers from various leading organizations/institutions and the faculty members of NIRDPR delivered lectures on various facets of participatory approaches for empowering rural women. It provided an overview of the subject by touching upon the Concept of Women Empowerment and Gender; Entrepreneurship for Women Empowerment; Community Mobilization; Local Governance and Political Empowerment of Women; Unperceived Dimensions of Rural Poverty; Grassroots Governance & Inclusive Development; Development Management and Administration – Macro Perspectives; Concept and Principles of Participatory Rural Appraisal; Various Participatory Planning Methods & Tools and their Application; Community Participation in Planning and Execution of Rural Employment Programmes; Participatory Tools for Community-based Monitoring of Service Delivery Effectiveness; Social Audit of Rural Development Programmes, etc. Moreover, the experiences of empowerment of rural women across the participating countries were presented by the participants and discussed.
The programme successfully completed with feedback from the participants and an overall evaluation by the Programme Directors. On behalf of AARDO, Dr S M Ovais, Head, Capacity Building & Development Projects Division presented a vote of thanks. Expressing his gratitude to the esteemed Institution and the participating countries, he applauded the cooperation and contribution extended by the distinguished faculty members, speakers and all the participants for making the programme successful.
A two days virtual Global Conference on above title theme was organized by the Global Forum for Sustainable Rural Development (GFSRD) on 12-13 December 2020. It was attended by 688 participants from 76 countries in which eighteen papers from five different continents were presented. Dr.Kamrul Ahsan, Adjunct Professor, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka was the moderator of the Conference.
The Conference was inaugurated on 12 December 2020 by H.E. Dr Manoj Nardeosingh, Secretary General, AARDO. Dr.Cherdsak Virapat, Director General, CIRDAP and Professor Rajive Mohan Pant, Director, NIRD & PR - North-Eastern Centre were Guest of Honour and Special Guest respectively.
Dr Manoj Nardeosingh, in his inaugural address, among others, highlighted the importance of food security as critical challenge as well as explained the objectives, functions and programmes of AARDO in traversing its six decades journey since establishment. He expressed his gratitude to GFSRD for inviting him to inaugurate the Conference and expressed his desire to work with GFSRD in rural development and its allied fields.
Dr.Cherdsak Virapat explained about the mandate of CIRDAP and its achievements in the field of rural development. He also informed about the training and project plans of CIRDAP and expressed his wish to work with GFSRD on rural development. Further, Professor Rajive Mohan Pant explained about the role of NIRD & PR in rural development of India and also gave an overview on the food situation of India particularly in the pandemic situation.
A number of institutions and universities mainly from African-Asian countries have had the privilege to be associated with the Conference.
AARDO, in collaboration with the Establishment Division (Prime Minister’s Office), Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Regional Office of AARDO for South and Central Asia organized an online International Training Programme on above titled theme at Akhtar Hameed Khan National Centre for Rural Development (AHKNCRD), Islamabad, Pakistan, during 14-18 December 2020 exclusively for AARDO member countries. The broad objective of the programme was to share experiences and build capacity of the participants for reducing the factors of disaster risk and preparing for an immediate response in case of a disaster by raising awareness and preparing for disasters and their management at the community level.
The programme was virtually inaugurated by the Chief Guest, H.E. Dr. ManojNardeosingh, Secretary General, AARDO on 14 December 2020. This session was also graced by the Special Guest, Dr. ZafarIqbalQadir, Former Chairman, National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Pakistan and Mr. IsrarMohammad Khan, Director General, AHKNCRD, & Honorary Regional Representative of AARDO for South and Central Asia, Islamabad, Pakistan. Thedignitaries accordingly delivered their inaugural addresses.
The programme was attended by ninety three (93) participants from sixteen (16) AARDO member countries, namely, Bangladesh, Republic of China (Taiwan), Egypt, Jordan, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nigeria, Oman, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and the host country-Pakistan. This overwhelming response was an encouraging affirmative indicator conspicuously proving the importance of the programme among AARDO member countries.
During the course of deliberations various issues such as Pakistan’s Disaster Risk Situation and Management System; Rapid Needs Assessment in Disaster Management; Post-Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction; Floods Management and Rehabilitation; Health Emergency Preparedness and Response: Responding to Pandemics; Role of Rapid Response Service in Disaster Reduction and Management: Rescue-1122: A Success Story of Pakistan and other related issues were addressed by the eminent resource persons of Pakistan. In fact, the programme schedule of the training was well designed and triggered extensive and lively deliberations and discussions.
The concluding session of the programme was held on 18 December2020 and graced by Mr. Israr Mohammad Khan, Director General, AHKNCRD and Dr.Khushnood Ali, Head, Research Division &Programme Coordinator, AARDO who delivered their valedictory addresses. Earlier, Dr. Abdul Rehman Khan Niazi, Director (Training) & Course Coordinator presented report on the programme.
For Full Report of the Programme please click here.
AARDO, in collaboration with National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme), organized an online international training programme on above titled theme during 30 November – 10 December 2020. It was attended by 33 participants from 12 countries, namely, Algeria, Egypt, Burkina Faso, R O China (Taiwan), India, Malaysia, Malawi, Oman, Palestine, Sudan, Sri Lanka and Syria.
The programme, following the Opening Remarks by Ms Glory Swarupa, Director General, ni-msme, was inaugurated by H.E. Dr Manoj Nardeosingh, Secretary General, AARDO on 30 November 2020. In his address, the Secretary General thanked the Director General, ni-msme and her able faculty members for meticulous planning and designing the programme and making impeccable arrangements to conduct it online for the AARDO member countries.
The Secretary General expressed his gratitude to the esteemed member countries for their overwhelming response and thanked all their participants for showing keen interest in the programme. He hoped that the participants would learn from India’s experiences in IT based cluster development and apply their learning from the programme to help replicate these successful models back in their respective countries. The Secretary General highlighted the importance and need of development of clusters with ITC e-Governance for rural transformation and inclusive growth in the AARDO member countries.
During the programme, speakers from various leading organizations/institutions shared their valuable experiences besides the distinguished faculty members of ni-msme delivered lectures on various facets of adaptive and innovative strategies for SME development which included: Cluster Concepts & Methodology; Interventions in Industrial & Rural Clusters; Infrastructure Development for Strengthening of Backward linkages; Interventions for Value addition; Cluster Waste to Wealth- Common Facility for Manufacturing Coir Pith Blocks through Collective efforts; Social Interventions: Energy Saving; Cost Reduction and Productivity Improvement; Marketing interventions through e – Commerce, Exhibition, B2B meets; Application of Social Media; Digital Framework of e-strategy for Rural Products; Marketing Interventions in MSME Clusters; Packaging & Branding, etc.
Following the successful conclusion of the programme, Ms. S Glory Swarupa, Director General, ni-msme, while delivering her valedictory remarks, hoped that the participants would apply the knowledge gained from the learning into their respective fields. She appreciated them for their keen interest and active participation in the programme. Expressing gratitude on behalf of AARDO, Dr S M Ovais, Head, Capacity Building & Development Projects Division, thanked the Director General, ni-msme and her learned faculty members & resource persons and all the participants. He applauded their respective contributions, valuable inputs and cooperation so extended for making the programme meaningful. Emphasizing the need of strengthened networking, he requested the participants to remain in touch and share the successful experiences and innovative strategies of their respective countries with AARDO for wider dissemination. Summing up the programme, Mr Suryaprakash Goud, Programme Director thanked everyone for their cooperation and support for shaping the programme so successful and announced the names of the participants for being awarded with certificates.
The 76th Session of the Liaison Committee of African - Asian Rural Development Organization (AARDO) was held on 24th November 2020 at ‘India International Centre’, New Delhi, India under the chairmanship of H.E. Dato' Hidayat Abdul Hamid, High Commissioner of Malaysia to India, and Hon’ble Chairman of the Liaison Committee of AARDO. All necessary measures relating to COVID-19 protocols were strictly adhered to.
The Session was attended by twenty one (21) delegates from fifteen (15) member countries, namely, Republic of China (Taiwan), Egypt, Ghana, India, Iraq, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Namibia, Oman, State of Palestine, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tunisia and Zambia. In addition, delegates from esteemed Embassies of Republic of Guinea, Socialist Republic of Vietnam as well as the Managing Director of National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC), attended the meeting as Observers. His Excellency Dr. Manoj Nardeosingh, Secretary General, AARDO, attended the meeting as Member Secretary to the Liaison Committee.
The Session commenced with the address of H.E. the Secretary General, AARDO, who warmly welcomed the Chairman and other distinguished delegates to the 76th Session. It was followed by opening address by H.E. Dato’ Hidayat Abdul Hamid, High Commissioner of Malaysia to India, and Hon’ble Chairman of the Liaison Committee.
The Business Session had comprehensive audio visual presentation by H.E. the Secretary General, AARDO and started with the Committee adopting the Provisional Agenda and Summary Report of the 75th Session of AARDO Liaison Committee. The Committee thereafter, was apprised of the follow-up actions taken/proposed to be taken by the AARDO Secretariat on the decisions/recommendations of the 75th Session of AARDO Liaison Committee and the Sub-Committee of AARDO Liaison Committee.
The Committee equally took note of the review of AARDO activities, Membership Contribution, Member Relations for the period, January – September 2020 and further took cognizance of the projected programmes scheduled from October 2020 to June 2021. The Agendas on Work Programme and Budget Estimates for the Triennium 2021-2023, were also presented to the Committee and they were recommended to the next session of Executive Committee of AARDO. Moreover, the Committee decided to hold its next (77th) Session on 24th May 2021 and approved a list of Special Invitees to attend therein, as Observers.
The meeting concluded by recording a note of thanks to the participating delegates and Observers.
A two weeks’ online international training programme on “Innovative Agro Food Processing Enterprises and Green Tech (IAFEG)” was inaugurated by H.E. Dr Manoj Nardeosingh, Secretary General, AARDO, following the welcome of participants by Programme Director and opening remarks by Ms. S. Glory Swarupa, Director General, ni-msme on 16th November, 2020. Forty (40) participants from 15 countries, namely, R O China (Taiwan), Egypt, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nigeria, Namibia, Oman, Sudan, Syria, Sri Lanka, Tunisia (AARDO members) and prospective member countries, namely; Seychelles, Tanzania and Uzbekistan have registered online to attend this programme.
The main objectives of the programme are to highlight the innovative food processing technologies & equipment in enhancing the scope for value addition, improve professional skills, appreciate application of Green Tech in agro food processing, and share India’s experiences to evolve an action plan for stimulating growth and agro food enterprises in the African - Asian countries.
The programme consists of 16 technical sessions, in which, resource persons from a few leading organizations and industry, besides the distinguished faculty members of ni-msme, would share their experiences. During the programme, participants would be exposed to fruits, vegetables, spices, millets, fish & meat processing innovative technologies. The technical sessions would also cover the solar technologies for small businesses, green-tech based microenterprises, solar and wind based hybrid energy products for rural development, etc.
The Secretary General, AARDO and Director General, ni-msme had the common views on emphasizing the need of innovation and expansion of agro food technologies in the prevailing situation and moving MSMEs out of their present precarious conditions in the upshot of COVID 19. The programme will be concluded on 26 November.
AARDO and the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), New Delhi had signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in December 2015 for carrying out collaborative activities. Both the Organizations benefitted from the MoU. AARDO sponsored nominees from the member countries to some of the programmes hosted by ICID. Similarly, they also collaborated in disseminating information on water resources, its management, utilization etc. Considering the existing collaboration and mutual benefits derived therefrom, both the Organizations decided to renew the MoU. Accordingly, the renewed MoU was signed by the Secretary General of AARDO and the Secretary General of ICID on 05 November 2020 at the ICID Secretariat.
The MoU, among others, emphasizes jointly working for the expansion and enhancement of the ‘Water’, ‘Agriculture’ and ‘Rural Development’ components, conducting joint research, consultation on the needs of current and future climate information products related to agriculture water management, drought management, and flood management and promoting the application of sustainable energy in irrigation projects.
ICID, set up in 1950 and with a central office located in New Delhi, is a scientific, technical, professional, and voluntary not-for-profit International Organization, dedicated, to enhance the worldwide supply of food and fiber for all people by improving water and land management, through the application of irrigation, drainage and flood management techniques. Its membership consists of professionals: planners and policymakers; water managers; irrigation and agriculture engineers; research scientists and educationists; engaged in the related areas within the countries through their National Committees (NC) traditionally organized under the departments responsible for irrigation or agricultural water management.
AARDO and its member countries stand to benefit from this renewed MoU towards improving and managing water resources for agricultural and rural development.
AARDO, in collaboration with the Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD), Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, is organizing an Online International Training Programme on “Poverty Alleviation through Micro Finance: State of Art in COVID-19 Period”, at BARD, Cumilla, Bangladesh, during 02-11 November 2020 exclusively for AARDO member countries. The broad objective of the programme is to comprehend the changing state of microfinance operation and its linkage with poverty alleviation in the current context of the COVID-19 outbreak. This online international training programme is emphasizing on the proactive role of MFIs, the policy framework and the behaviour response of the MFIs beneficiaries. Experiences from participating AARDO member countries are also being shared by way of country papers. It is envisaged that at the end of the training programme, the participants will be able to:
• Interpret the linkages between microfinance operation and poverty alleviation in the current context of COVID-19 outbreak;
• Appreciate the changed state of the art in micro-credit operation for addressing its existing clientele along with emerging clientele, those slipped into poverty during this period; and
Design a policy framework for providing need-based additional services along with their core services.
This ongoing programme is being attended by 63 participants from 17 AARDO member countries, namely, R.O. China (Taiwan), Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Jordan, Kenya, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Zambia and host country Bangladesh. The overwhelming response is an encouraging affirmative indicator conspicuously proving the importance of the programme among AARDO member countries.
The inaugural function of the programme, held on 02 November 2020, was graced by the Chief Guest, Mr. Md. Rezaul Ahsan, Honorable Secretary, Rural Development & Cooperatives Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and Special Guest, H.E. Dr. Manoj Nardeosingh, Secretary General, AARDO. Inaugural session was chaired by Mr. Md. Shahjahan, Director General, BARD. Accordingly, the dignitaries delivered their addresses. Besides, Mr. Mohammad Abdul Quader, Director (Training) and Workshop Coordinator, Mr. Ranjan Kumar Guha, Workshop Director, BARD, delivered their welcoming & introductory addresses. A vote of thanks was extended by Dr. Khushnood Ali, Head, Research Division & Programme Coordinator, AARDO.
As per the schedule, this programme will conclude on 11 November, 2020. During the course of deliberations, the participants will get an opportunity to interact with eminent resource persons invited from prestigious institutions and other participants of the programme to better understand post COVID-19 challenges on micro finance, poverty alleviation and sustainable rural livelihood.
AARDO, in collaboration with the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), organized an Online Workshop-Cum-Training Programme on above titled theme at CMFRI, Kochi, Kerala, India, during 28 October-06 November, 2020 exclusively for AARDO member countries and its centres of excellence with the objectives to: i) discuss the strategies and research in mariculture to enhance production and productivity of the fishermen in African-Asian countries; ii) examine the policy framework and technology dissemination process in fisheries and aquaculture;and iii) share and discuss the successful models of CMFRI in fisheries and aquaculture.
The programme was virtually inaugurated by H. E. Dr. Manoj Nardeosingh, Secretary General, AARDO on 28th October 2020. The occasion was also graced by Dr. A. Gopalakrishna, Director, CMFRI and Dr. Imelda Joseph, Head, Mariculture Division and Programme Director, CMFRI.
The programme was attended by sixty five (65) participants from nineteen (19) AARDO member countries, namely, Bangladesh, R.O. China (Taiwan), Egypt, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen and Zambia. This overwhelming response was a positive indicator showing importance of the programme among AARDO member countries.
During the course of deliberation, important issues such as: i) Marine Fish Stock Assessment - Models and Methods; ii) Sampling Techniques for Fish Stock Estimation; iii) Climate Change and Global Fisheries; iv) Fishery Biodiversity and Evaluation; v) Mariculture Technologies Suitable for Developing Nations; vi) Genetics in Fisheries and Aquaculture; and vii) Economics of Marine Fisheries and Mariculture were addressed by the eminent scientists and faculty of CMFRI. The participants got an opportunity to interact with each other and resource persons of the programme and were exposed to different topics of current importance in marine fisheries and mariculture. On 06 November 2020, the programme was concluded.
African-Asian Rural Development Organization (AARDO) and Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) Joint Online Training programme on "Sustainable Rural Development (SRD)" is being conducted by International Education and Exchange Centre (IEEC), Republic of Korea from 26 October 2020.
Following the orientation of the participants and a video recorded message of Mr. Kijin HAN, Director General, Human Resource Development Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC), the programme was inaugurated virtually by H. E. the Secretary General, AARDO on 26 October 2020. Besides, Mr Jeonghwan LEE, Deputy Director, International Education Exchange Centre (IEEC) and Dr S M Ovais, Head, Capacity Building & Dev Projects Division of AARDO also registered their virtual presence.
The programme is being attended by 35 online registered participants from 17 AARDO member countries, namely Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ghana, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen and Zambia.
The training course is aimed at capacity building of the participants for further enhancing their organizational and institutional capacity to contribute in policy and strategy formulation on sustainable rural development. The programme consists of 12 online real-time lectures by renowned experts on Korea’s experiences in sustainable rural development. Besides, the programme will also be contributed with special lectures on ‘Sustainable Rural Infrastructure’ and ‘Agri Valuechain Improvement’ by AARDO’s experts. On 27 October, one of the two AARDO Special lectures has been delivered by Mr. Rohit Kumar, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India on “Sustainable Rural Infrastructure and Quality of Life” as well as interaction with the participants. The programme also consists of three workshops enabling the participants to prepare action plans for their respective countries. The programme will be concluded on 06 November 2020.
In his inaugural address, the Secretary General emphasized on the need of digitization in agricultural industry with tools and information to make more informed and appropriate decisions for improving productivity. Emphasizing on the power of digitization, he opined the technology in agriculture and the food value chains had to be speedily enhanced. He stressed on the dire need to implement comprehensive and coherent digital agricultural policies, investments and institutional frameworks that support smallholders and family farming at local, national and international levels. He further stated that AARDO is a rural centric inter-governmental Organization which subscribes to the spirit of South-South and Triangular Cooperation and articulates a manifestation of solidarity among people of Africa and Asia. The lectures delivered in the webinar covered the application of ICT in agricultural farming, smart farming, latest policies and technologies in Korea. They also touched upon new paradigms of agriculture in terms of climate change, prospects of Korean agriculture, smart technologies and strategies.
